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Incoterms 1990:
The main reason for the 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronic data interchange (EDI). In the 1990 version this is possible when the parties have to provide various documents:
Particular problems arise when the seller has to present a negotiable transport document and notably the Bill of Lading, which is frequently used for the purposes of selling the goods when they are being carried (cfr. 3rd characteristic of B/L). In these cases it is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he would have obtained if he had received a B/L from the seller.
A further reason for the revision stems from changed transportation techniques, particularly the utilization of cargo in containers, multimodal transport and RoRo traffic with road vehicles and railway wagons in short-sea maritime transport.
The terms have now been grouped in four, basically, different categories.
E-terms:
Whereby the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the sellers own premises.
F-terms:
Whereby the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.
C-terms:
Whereby the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.
D-terms:
Whereby the seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the country of destination.
Appropriate Incoterm 1990 per Mode of Transport.
Any mode of transport, incl. intermodal.
Air Transport.
Rail Transport.
Sea and Inland Waterway Transport.
Back to Incoterms.
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